Is the FR44 the insurance policy itself, or something separate?

The FR44 is separate from the policy. Think of the policy as the coverage you are actually buying, and the FR44 as the proof Florida wants on file.

Your carrier files the certificate electronically with the DHSMV. It tells the state your name, the policy, the dates, and that you carry at least 100/300/50. You do not mail a form. You do not stand in a lobby with a paper certificate in most cases.

We've talked to people who thought they could buy any cheap liability policy and then add an FR44 like a sticker. If the policy does not meet the limits, there is nothing honest to file. So we shop 15+ carriers for a policy that qualifies, then we file the same day you purchase.

Filing same day still is not the same thing as the DHSMV showing you as reinstated that hour. Their side can lag.